Arcady: His Voyage Towards Individualism Essay -- essays research pape

In the novel Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev, Arcady plays a major role both in his own life and the lives of others. Arcady, contempt the screen he surrounds himself with, is non a true Nihilist like his friend Bazarov through his thoughts and actions we moot his change. To begin, Arcady shows signs of Romanticism Early on in the novel despite the announcement of his Nihilist beliefs. For example, Bazarov and Arcady were walking one afternoon in the garden and overheard Nicholas playing his cello. "At that instant the lingering notes of a cello were wafted towards them from the house . . . and, like honey, the strain flowed through the air" (49). Like a true Nihilist, Bazarov immediately denounced the act of playing music as a purely romantic institution. "Good manufacturer At forty-four, a pater familias, in the province of X, playing the cello Bazarov continued to laugh but, on this occasion, Arcady, though he venerated his mentor, did not even smile" (50) . By this we see that although Arcady looks up to Bazarov, he truly does not uphold the Nihilist beliefs as strongly or as strictly. His acceptance of his fathers cello playing shows that Arcady, unlike Bazarov. does not find music a purely romantic institution, but an enjoyable way to be merry. Also this incident shows us that Arcady does not like when others pound up fun at his family. Here, he obviously does not think his fathers cello playing is a laughing matter.Secondly, Nihilist ideas included...

A Plead for Weed :: Legal Issues, Drugs, Marijuana

All Mexicans are crazy and this stuff cannabis is what makes them crazy, (Anonymous, 1927). While marijuana has been seen as a malignant substance that ca subroutines insanity, the specific reason marijuana became illegal still remains unknown. Most Americans assumed marijuana was illegal due to the process involving scientific, medical, and government hearings that it was to protect citizens from the dangerous dose (Guither, 2011). However, the United States should all legalize marijuana because it has its own benefits to improve the society. The debate over the legalization of marijuana is not a new phenomenon as it has been an ongoing controversy in the United States.In 7000 8000 B.C., marijuana was legal and used in woven fabric, food, incense, cloth, and rope (Guither, 2011). Marijuana remained legal until the Mexican-Americans smoked it and brought the plant with them during the Mexican Revolution in 1910. California then initiated the first marijuana state law outlawing th e preparations of hemp (Guither, 2011). In addition, Latin Americans and black jazz musicians were also involved with marijuana, which played an crucial part in the music scene. A newspaper in 1934 also editorialized that marijuana influences Negroes to look at white people in the eye, step on white mens shadows and look at a white women twice, (Guither, 2011). Based on history, racism became the charge against marijuana.The history of marijuana has influenced the United States termination not to legalize marijuana completely today. Legalizing marijuana is still a concern because the United States has failed to recognize the potential benefits of marijuana. Some states have recently legalized a small portion of marijuana only for medical purposes. The people who oppose to the legalization of marijuana have never given a chance to understand the benefits of marijuana. They should take into consideration that legalizing marijuana could create major changes to the world. The curre nt interest of legalizing the use of marijuana has led to two arguments The entrance of people into the field of drug abuse, and the insistence that people believe marijuana is not a detrimental drug compared to alcohol and tobacco (Bloomquist, 1967). With the strict laws prohibiting the use of marijuana, individuals have decided to use their own methods to obtain marijuana illegally. This type of criminal behavior causes the police to arrest individuals for marijuana violation (Bloomquist, 1967). This convinces proponents to believe that the current laws have restricted and break peoples constitutional rights to smoke marijuana instead of tobacco or instead of drinking alcohol (Bloomquist, 1967).

Sakat Chauth Essay --

Sakat Chauth Vrat is observed on the fourth day of Krishna paksha, (the fading phase of moon) in the month of Magha according to Hindu lunar calendar. close Sakat Chauth will fall on January 19th in 2014.This is also called as Ganesh Chauth or Tilkuta Chauth. Lord Ganesha and Moon god is worshiped on Sakat Chauth. This vrat is mainly observed in North India and this day is celebrated as Tilkut Chauth. A full day fast is observed on this day. It is believed that fasting on Sakat Chauth removes all obstacles from life and Ganesha blesses his devotees with health, mess and good children.Sakat Chauth vrat methodOn this day, married women who are observing the fast get up early morning and take bath, after which they wear brisk cloths, clean up the place of worship and chant Om Ganeshaaya Namah mantra108 times. During the day devotees observe fast. However milk, tea and fruits are allowed.In the evening a Mandap is decorated in which Ganesha idol is pl aced. The idol is decorated with flowers and Doorva (grass) is offered to Ganesha. Desserts pr...

Nature vs. Nurture Essay -- Heredity and Environment

AbstractNature vs. nurture has been discussed by philosophers in the past and by scientists more recently. Philosophers such(prenominal) as Plato argued that all knowledge was inherited from your parents and when you were told something you didnt learn it you were just reminded of it. Aristotle however argued that all homophiles were born with a blank slate and strengthened on it with influence from there environment. In the 1700s the empiricists and the internalists took over the argument. They fought through letters explaining there point of views and denouncing the others. This leads to Pavlov coming up with the idea of behaviorism in the early 1900s. Behaviorism became the new wave of Psychology and influenced a lean towards the nurture side. It was not effectively argued against until 1928 when Watson published his book. This opened up the floodgates for environmental influences studies. briefly the idea of nurture was the popular exc call for behavior. Studies using animals were the most popular was in which scientists used to prove a theory, or disprove a theory. The newest studies use human twins to prove nature vs. nurture.An age-old question has been asked for generations before us. What is the reasons behind the development of human behavior? There have been many theories hypothecate to explain why humans behave the way they do. Explanations vary from demonology to magnetic fluids controlling peoples behaviors. Over time, two theories have remained popular in academic fields such as philosophy and psychology. The surviving theories for behavior stem from physiological and sociological explanations. However, the two explanations have not always been matched with each other. The famous nature vs. nurture debate over human behavior resulted from conflicting views between proponents of the physiological (nature) and sociological (nurture) explanations. Throughout history, research has swayed popularity pricker and forth between the theories. Yet, t heorists have broken down the line separating nature and nurture. Today, people us both explanations in research to advance the knowledge of human behavior.Thousands of years before the field of psychology, philosophers pondered on human behavior. As early as 350 BC, such philosophers as Plato and Aristotle tried to understand behavior. The question of nature or nurture as the primary drive can be traced to these... ...y the effects of each in development. In these future studies, more groundbreaking advances will be made to aid humans in better understanding human behavior. In the end, that is what both sides of the nature vs. nurture debate intended to accomplish.BibliographyAmsel, A. (1989). Behaviorism, Neobehaviorism, and Cognitivism in eruditeness Theory. Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum,.Ashcraft, M. (1998). Fundamentals of Cognition. New York, NY Longman.Barnet, A. (1998). The Youngest Minds. New York, NY Simon & Schuster.Cowie, F. (1999). Whats Within?. Oxford Oxford University Pres s.Devlin, B. (1997). Intelligence, Genes, and Success. New York, NY Copernicus.Deutschmann, Linda B. (2002). Deviance and Social Control Third Edition. Scarborough, ON Nelson Thomson Learning.Fujita, Frank. (2000). Nature vs. Nurture. 3/15/2002 from http//folk.uio.no/roffe/faq/node 11.htmlMcGraw, M. (1995). Beyond Heredity and Environment. San Francisco, CA Westview Press.Modgil, S. (1987). B.F. Skinner Consensus and Controversy. New York, NY Falmer Press.Myers, David G. (2001). Psychology Sixth Edition. New York, NY Worth Publishers.

A Comparison of A Modest Proposal, Tartuffe, and Candide Essay

Writers use personality traits and events to change the classical ideals. Majority of the writers focus is to change peoples attitudes. Jonathan Swift, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, Francois-Marie Arquet de Voltaire use characterization and plot to challenge the themes of the Neo-Classical period.   In A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift challenges the Neo-classical period by creating a sense of instability in their way of thinking. He attacks the society by carelessly endorsing cannibalism in hopes to do Ireland through their economic crisis. He demonstrates this by humbly proposing and assuring that a young healthy child, well nursed, is, at a year old, a nigh delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food. (Swift, 485) Implying that society should eat children shows that the individual (the child) is seen as an unimportant individual to society therefore, is not valued when considering an effective resolution to their situation. This provides criticism to the Neo-Cla ssical beliefs that society is to a greater extent important than the individual. The Neo-Classics logic and reasoning aspect is attacked by Swifts persuasion that eating a child is a valid response to help fix their oppression. His unveiling clearly states that his purpose is for Preventing the Children of poor People in Ireland, from being a Burden to their Parents or Country, and for making them beneficial to the Publick. (Swift 483) His reasoning for the proposal is ultimately well-to-do through his sound thinking that evidently has nothing to do with his feelings about the matter. The narrator than proceeds to give the audience justification of his statement, and therefore attempting to challenge the Neo-Classics position that logic a... ...s. Dr. Panglosss blind optimistic approach allows him to forget about the fighting that is occurring amongst people and he only sees love.   Satirical approaches to writing were used to change the beguiled way of think ing during the late 17th and 18th centuries. The Neo-Classic time period contributed in the expansion of peoples view of life.   Works Cited Swift, Jonathan. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. A Modest Proposal. W.W> Norton & international ampere Company New York and London, 2002. 483-489. Moliere, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Tartuffe. W.W> Norton & Company New York and London, 2002. 313-361. Voltaire, Francois-Marie Arquet de Voltaire. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Candide. W.W> Norton & Company New York and London, 2002. 520-580.

A Comparison of A Modest Proposal, Tartuffe, and Candide Essay

Writers use personality traits and events to replace the classical ideals. Majority of the writers focus is to change peoples attitudes. Jonathan Swift, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, Francois-Marie Arquet de Voltaire use characterization and plot to quarrel the themes of the Neo-Classical period.   In A lowly Proposal, Jonathan Swift challenges the Neo-classical period by creating a sense of instability in their way of thinking. He attacks the conjunction by carelessly endorsing cannibalism in hopes to help Ireland through their economic crisis. He demonstrates this by humbly proposing and assuring that a young healthy child, well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food. (Swift, 485) Implying that society should eat children shows that the individual (the child) is seen as an unimportant individual to society therefore, is not valued when considering an effective resolution to their situation. This provides criticism to the N eo-Classical beliefs that society is more important than the individual. The Neo-Classics logic and reasoning aspect is attacked by Swifts persuasion that eating a child is a valid response to help seduce their oppression. His introduction clearly states that his purpose is for Preventing the Children of poor People in Ireland, from being a Burden to their Parents or Country, and for making them beneficial to the Publick. (Swift 483) His reasoning for the proposal is in the end satisfied through his sound thinking that evidently has nothing to do with his feelings about the matter. The narrator than proceeds to give the audience justification of his statement, and therefore attempting to challenge the Neo-Classics fact that logic a... ...s. Dr. Panglosss blind optimistic approach allows him to forget about the fighting that is occurring amongst people and he only sees love.   Satirical approaches to writing were used to change the captivated way of thinking duri ng the late 17th and 18th centuries. The Neo-Classic time period contributed in the expansion of peoples view of life.   Works Cited Swift, Jonathan. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. A Modest Proposal. W.W> Norton & Company New York and London, 2002. 483-489. Moliere, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Tartuffe. W.W> Norton & Company New York and London, 2002. 313-361. Voltaire, Francois-Marie Arquet de Voltaire. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Candide. W.W> Norton & Company New York and London, 2002. 520-580.

Ethics and Compliance Paper Essay

Starting in Seattle with champion store, Starbucks has grown across the country and has become a household name delivering one of the best tasting coffees in existence. The first Starbucks opened in 1971, serving fresh roasted coffees. Today, more than 15,000 stores in 50 countries, Starbucks atomic number 18 the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world (Starbucks, para. 7, 2010). The ecesis has been successful because of excellent managerial skills and implementing sound business decisions. Starbucks mission statement reads as follows to inspire and enkindle the human spirit one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a duration (Starbucks, 2010, p. 1). The attach to values its relationships with communities, its stores, business partners, sh atomic number 18holders, and employees. Responsible honorable character and compliance helps the Starbucks brand protect its reputation. This paper will explain the role of ethics, procedures, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) compliance, and evaluate the financial performance of the Starbucks organization.Ethics and conformance PoliciesA successful organization builds its reputation on honesty and trust displayed to customers and business partners. Starbucks conducts business in an good manner that protects reputation and supports its culture by unceasingly striving to do what is right. Starbucks has a commitment to company values that successfully employs a Business Conduct Helpline and a Business Conduct Web-line for questions and guidance. Starbucks has integrate an Anti-Retaliation Policy and does non tolerate retaliation against anyone sketching misconduct. The organization is an equal opportunity employer and use best practices in the hiring process.Business practices include and are not limited to accurate and truthful business transactions and comply with laws and regulations in any country the company operates in, and encourage partners to understand and adhere to the rule s. Starbucks has an outside agentive role who facilitates and ensures an honest and ethical relationship with government officials passim the international arena. Partners associated with the Starbucks brand must practice ethical conduct in sales, services, and promote fair competition. Matters dealing with conflicts of interest, gifts and entertainment, and securities are also addressed and implemented by the company. The company closely monitors proprietary information such as new ideas, company records including financial and canvass details.Starbucks explains the Ethical Decision-Making Framework to identify ethical issues, give any possible solutions, pursue ideas from others, and take the best approach to resolve unethical matters and follow-up on results. The aforementioned framework empowers each Starbucks associate and affiliate to take responsibility to help maintain Starbucks ethical and honest reputation. Ethical behavior is doing the right thing, and ethical dilemmas are everywhere in finance (Keown, Martin, Petty & Scott, para. 1, 2005).Securities and Exchange Commissions RegulationsAccording to Ethisphere.com, (2010), Starbucks is one of the most ethical companies in the world for 2010. unitary of the key points to being an ethical business is to file reports for investors, government bodies, and the public to view. Starbucks complies in one way with the ethics policies set in place by the directors and organization by providing accurate data. The financial records of Starbucks are forthcoming to the investors, public and government in a timely manner via the website. The requirement set by the Securities Exchange Committee for a public business is to provide accurate reports in a timely manner.Starbucks publishes an annual report to the Starbucks website for anyone to find via the Internet. The annual report contains cash flow statements of income and expenses. The reports show that Starbucks is performing well even during a tough economic time. The annual report also contains a statement of Starbucks vital accounting policies. Starbucks believes that critical accounting practices are important. Starbucks considers its policies an asset impairment, stock-based compensation, operating leases, self insurance reserves and income taxes to be the most critical in understanding the judgments which are involved in preparing the con straightated financial statements, as stated in the annual report on Starbucks website, (2010). financial ratios for the Past Two YearsStarbucks financial records allow investors, the government, and the public to have a firsthand look into the financial stability of the company. The financial records are available for several years this allows the long-term financial success of the company to be easily accessible and available anyone wanting to know about the company. As an investor with interest in expanding into Starbucks there are several things the investor should look for.The current rat io allows investors the ability to measure how well a company can endure back short-term debt (Keown, Martin, Petty, & Scott, 2005). Starbucks ability to pay back debt in 2009, increased over 2008. In 2008 Starbucks closed several unprofitable locations (Starbucks Investor Relations- monetary Release, 2009) resulting in the change magnitude of overhead costs for those locations allowing for additional property and increasing the ability for Starbucks to pay back short-term debt.This increases the stability of Starbucks. The availability of extra funds allows Starbucks the opportunity to invest those funds in profitable time value investments. The funds could be invested in the company for improvements or costs for innovate new products. The extra funds could also pay necessary expenses outright. This allows the company to have lower amounts of outstanding credit or loans. The lower the amount of outstanding loans and credit allows for lower credit fees and lower costs.* occurren t Ratio 2009 2008Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities 599.81581.0 269.82189.737.93% 12.32%Investors can also look at the Debt Ratio of Starbucks. The debt ratio shows the amount of debt a company carries in relation to their assets (Keown, Martin, Petty, & Scott, 2005). Companies must carry some debt to do business effectively. However, the company does not want to carry too much debt. Starbucks has expenses that must be paid for some of these can be paid utilise credit. However, the company should ensure they are not charging unnecessarily. Starbucks must also show they are paying off their debt. Starbucks debt ratio decreased from 56.08% in 2008 to 45.38% in 2009 (Starbucks Investor Relations- Financial Release, 2009).Tends in the RatiosThis shows a positive financial trend. The company had larger debt in 2008 and was able to repay a good portion of the debt without increasing debt somewhere else in the company, ultimately lower the overall debt of the company. This positive trend w ill increase the credit status of Starbucks. This will allow the company to have credit available if needed in the future.*Debt Ratio 2009 2008Total DebtTotal Assets 2531.15576.8 3181.75672.645.38% 56.08%Investors can also look at the Return on Equity Ratio. The Return on Equity Ratio measure the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholder equity (Keown, Martin, Petty, & Scott, 2005). The main reason investors invest into companies is to view as money If the investor does not grow a sizable return on their investment, they may take their money and decide to invest elsewhere The investor wants to have confidence the company is going to make solid decisions that will increase the profitability of the shareholders. Starbucks has seen a decrease in Return on Equity. In 2008 Starbucks Return on equity was 21.10% and in 2009 it dangle to 19.64% (Starbucks Investor Relations- Financial Release, 2009).This is a negative trend for Starbucks. Investors do not want to lose money The decrease was minimal, yet it was a decrease. Overall the company has solid financials. This one negative issue can become a major problem if Starbucks continues to make decisions that allow shareholders equity to decrease.*Return on Equity 2009 2008 net profit Income Common Equity 598.23045.7 525.82490.919.64% 21.10%*All numbers are in millionsConclusionIn conclusion, Starbucks has proven itself to be a good investment for any investor. The organization has been in the business for 30 years and has showed substantial growth throughout. The organization started out with one location and has grown to over 15,000, which are located throughout the globe. The organization as a whole strives to uphold ethical behavior, not only set by the SEC but as well as for them. Not only does the organization uphold a high ethical behavior for them but as well only does business with those who have the alike mentality.This was proven by being ranked one of the most ethical places to work a nd this was according to Ethisphere.com. Even though there was a small decrease in the return on equity from 2008 to 2009, which consequently could be because of the recession that most businesses have been affected by, Starbucks has stock-still proven strong that the organization is still a good investment. The organization has shown an increase in profit and a decrease in debt. All and all, Starbucks is a good investment for anyone who is interested in getting into the business, which the organization has shown through good business decisions and ethical behaviors.ReferenceKeown, A. J., Martin, J. D., Petty, W. J., & Scott, D. F. (2005). Financial Management Principles and Applications. Pearson Prentice Hall. Retrieved online on November 22, 2010 located at https//portal.phoenix.edu/classroom/coursematerials/fin_370/20101109/.Starbucks Investor Relations- Financial Release. (2009, 11 4). Retrieved November 20, 2010, from Starbucks http//investor.starbucks.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=9951 8&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1492291&highlight=SEC. Gov, (2010). The Investors Advocate How the SEC Protects Investors, Maintains Market Integrity, and Facilitates Capital Formation. Retrieved on November 22, 2010 online located at http//www.sec.gov/about/laws/sea34.pdfStarbucks. (2010). About Us. Retrieved online on November 22, 2010 from http//www.Starbucks.comStarbucks website, (2010). Investor relations. Retrieved on November 22, 2010 from Starbucks website http//www.starbucks.comStarbucks website, (2010). Annual Report. Retrieved from Starbucks website on November 20, 2010 http//www.starbucks.com

Kristen Cookie Company

Assignment 1 Operations Management I Kristens Cookie Company (A1) Section No. 5 Group No. AA1 number Marks 50 Marks Obtained Sr. No. Name of Students fix up out No 1 Ameya Prakash Deopujari 12506 2 Mayank Jhawar 12527 3 Nitya Agarwal 12532 4 Pawanjot Singh Makkar 12535 5 Radhika Sharma 12540 1 How long give it take you to fill an roll? autonomic nervous system Total clip taken for a 1 cardinal vagabond is 26 sensitives as per below table. Activity Involved Cycle Time Cumulative period Order Entry 0 piece 0 minute Washing & mixing 6 transactions 6 minutes Spooning 2 minutes 8 minutesOven set up 1 minute 9 minutes Bake cookies 9 minutes 18 minutes Remove cookies 0 minute 18 minutes cool down cookies 5 minutes 23 minutes Pack cookies 2 minutes 25 minutes accommodate carryment 1 minute 26 minutes 2 How many states loafer you fill in a iniquity, assuming you are open four hours each night? Ans Time taken for preparation of a single order mickle be divided into 3 parts Therefore if the tray is ready for the mho order (pre baking hot hot process) plot of land the first order is in the oven for baking, it would save 8 minutes of time for every subsequent order.When the first order is in process in baking, the pre baking session for the instant order will take place for 8 minutes, thus these 8 minutes have been saved. every(prenominal) order has to undergo both baking and post-baking processes taking 18 (10+8) minutes. But when the first order is in post baking session (taking 8 minutes) because during the 8 minutes second order can be baked saving 8 minutes. 2 minutes will be consumed by second order only as baking process in total takes 10 minutes. Then post baking process of second order will take 8 minutes more. So the second order in total takes 10 (8+2) minutes extra.Now when the second order is in baking then third order can be prepared for pre baking process thus saving 8 minutes again. As second order is in post baking process for 8 minutes, then third order can be baked thus saving 8 minutes. 2 minutes extra will be consumed by third order for baking process. 8 minutes will be consumed then for the post baking process. So the third order will take 10 minutes extra for total processing. Therefore every subsequent order will take 10 minutes only for complete process. Therefore time taken for the preparation of additional x orders of 1 dozen would be (26 + 10x) minutesThus if business operates for maximal of 4 hours (i. e. 240 minutes) the maximum no of orders Kristen Cookie Company can take in 1 day would be 22 loads as per table below. So from above table it is clear that after the first dozen every subsequent dozen will take 10 minutes only. So 22 dozens taking a total of 236 minutes can be prepared in 4 hours of business. 3 How much of your own and your roommates worthful time will it take to fill each order? Ans For my roommate time taken to fill each order is- For me first dozen will take time a s per below- For second & third dozen, time taken will be 2 minutes only as mixing one for the first dozen will be available for second & third dozen also. For the fourth dozen, time taken will be again 8 minutes. This trend will continue for every 3rd order after the first order of one dozen. 4 Because your baking trays can hold exactly one dozen cookies, you will produce and sell cookies by the dozen. Should you give any discount for people who order cardinal dozen cookies, three dozen cookies or more? If so, how much? Will it take you any longer to fill a two-dozen cookies order than onedozen cookies order? Ans For 1 dozen order time taken- Self 8 minutesRoommate 4 minutes Total 12 minutes For a 2 dozen order time taken- Self 6(washing & mixing) + 4(spooning 2 times) = 10 minutes Roommate 2 minutes (Oven set up 2 times) + 4 minutes (Pack cookies 2 times) + 1 minute (accept payment) = 7 minutes Total 17 minutes For a 3 dozen order time taken- Self 6(washing & mixing) + 6 (spooning 3 times) = 12 minutes Roommate 3 minutes (Oven set up 3 times) + 6 minutes (Pack cookies 3 times) + 1 minute (accept payment) = 10 minutes Total 22 minutes Let us assume that labor cost is $15 per hour for self & roommate.Order size Total minutes Cost/minute Cost for order Cost per dozen Material Cost Potential Discount 1 dozen 12 $15/60 = $0. 25 12 * 0. 25 = $3 $3 $0. 70 0 2 dozen 17 $0. 25 17*0. 25 = $4. 25 $2. 125 $0. 70 3 (2. 125+0. 70) = $0. 275 3 dozen 22 $0. 25 22*0. 25 = $5. 50 $1. 833 $0. 70 3 (1. 833+0. 70) = $0. 467 As we observe, we can afford to give a discount for two- and three-dozen orders. A two-dozen order doesnt cost twice asmuch as a one-dozen order and a three-dozen order cost much less then thrice a one-dozen order. How many food central processing unit and baking trays will you need? Ans The food processor is idle for a long time in the process so only 1 is undeniable. As it can contain atleast 3 dozens of ingredients during the full proces s we should have atleast 3 trays as each tray handles 1 dozen of the ingredients. 6 Are there any diversifys you can make in your performance plans that will allow you to make better cookies or more cookies in less time or at lower cost? For example, is there a bottleneck operation in you production process that you can expand cheaply?What is the effect of adding another oven? How much would you be willing to pay to operate an additional oven? Ans Producing more no of cookies is dependent upon the baking activity which is the bottleneck operation in the production process. If we install one more oven two dozen cookies will be ready in 28 mins only which is 8 mins less than 36 mins precedingly. Dozen carry through Cycle time lead off time end time 1 Washing Mixing 6 0 6 1 Spooning 2 6 8 1 Oven set up 1 8 9 1 Bake cookies(oven 1) 9 9 18 2 Spooning 2 8 10 2 Oven 2 set up 1 10 11 Bake cookies(oven 2) 9 11 20 1 Cool cookies 5 18 23 1 Pack cookies 2 23 25 2 Cool cookies 5 20 25 2 Pack cookies 2 25 27 Accept payment 1 27 28 Similarly for 3 dozens the time reduces to 36 mins which is 10 mins less than the previous time Dozen Process Cycle time start time end time 1 Washing Mixing 6 0 6 1 Spooning 2 6 8 1 Oven set up 1 8 9 1 Bake cookies(oven 1) 9 9 18 2 Spooning 2 8 10 2 Oven 2 set up 1 10 11 2 Bake cookies(oven 2) 9 11 20 1 Cool cookies 5 18 23 1 Pack cookies 2 23 25 Cool cookies 5 20 25 2 Pack cookies 2 25 27 3 Spooning 2 10 12 3 Oven 1set up 1 18 19 3 Bake cookies(oven 1) 9 19 28 3 Cool cookies 5 28 33 3 Pack cookies 2 33 35 Accept payment 1 35 36 Further number 4 dozens will just take 38 minutes. So in terms of costing we can pay that much for the oven per day which is less than or equal to profit on dozens of cookies that can be made in 4 hours (assuming the business is speed for 4 hours only). 7 What happens if you are trying to do this by yourself without roommate?Ans We have assumed that there is only 1 tray the order for second dozen is of the same variety as the 1st dozen. Activity Cycle Time Start Time End time Order Entry 0 minute 0000 0000 Washing mixing 6 minutes 0600 0600 Spooning (Dozen 1) 2 minutes 0600 0800 Oven set up (Dozen 1) 1 minute 0800 0900 Bake cookies (Dozen 1) 9 minutes 0900 1800 Remove cookies (Dozen 1) 0 minute 1800 1800 Cool cookies (Dozen 1) 5 minutes 1800 2300 Pack cookies (Dozen 1) 2 minutes 2600 2800 Spooning (Dozen 2) 2 minutes 2300 2500Oven set up (Dozen 2) 1 minute 2500 2600 Bake cookies (Dozen 2) 9 minutes 2600 3500 Remove cookies (Dozen 2) 0 minute 3500 3500 Cool cookies (Dozen 2) 5 minutes 3500 4000 Pack cookies (Dozen 2) 2 minutes 4000 4200 Accept payment 1 minute 4200 4300 So we can see that total time required for preparing 2 dozens has change magnitude if all the activities have to be accepte by me only. 8 Should you offer special rate for rush orders? Suppose you have just put a tray of cookies into the oven and someone call up with a crash precedency order for a dozen c ookies of a different flavor.Can you fill the priority order while still fulfilling the order for the cookies that are already in the oven? If not, how much of a premium should you charge for filling the rush order? Ans * When the priority order is received, the current order is already in oven. By the time the current order cookies are baked in oven, the washing, mixing and spooning operations can be performed for priority order. Post which, there will be an idle time of up to 1 minute for priority order originally the oven setup and baking process starts. * For the remaining process, there will be no idle time for priority order. By the time the priority order cookies are baked in oven, the previous order will be ready. * Thus, if a priority order comes when a tray for a current order is already in oven, the priority order can be filled still fulfilling the current order with a maximum delay time of 1 minute for priority order. * No premium should be charged as the process does not affect previous order. 9 When should you promise delivery? How can you look quickly at you order board (list of pending orders) and tells a caller when his or her order will be ready?How much of a safety margin for measure should you allow? Ans For Priority Orders- * The safety margin should be based upon the time required for the prebaking process. This is because if an order received during baking or post baking process, would not need that operation to be halt intermittently. * Thus if an order is received during washing and mixing process, the process will require to be stopped in between. * The prebaking process takes 8 minutes to complete. Thus the maximum margin should be 8 minutes for normal orders in such cases. So previous order would be delayed by a maximum of 8 minutes. 10 What other factors should you consider at this stage of planning your business? Ans * Competitors strengths and weaknesses. * Potential Customers likes and tastes * Regulations involved * Fin ancing the budgets * Cost Effectiveness of the business proposition * Further investment required * Ways to get cheaper materials * Extra labor required or not 11 Your product must be made to order because each order is potentially unique. If you decide to sell standard cookies instead, how should you change the production system?The order-taking process? Ans * Now the cookies can be sold with the USP of being low price andgood quality. * We can bake the cookies before receiving the order and stock it, instead of making theproduct one by oneaccording to each unique requirement. * The order-taking process also needs tochange. The consumers dont need touse the mail service to place the orders and wait forpickup. They can come to the room directly to buy it. * If someone needs a largesum of cookies, they can inform or orderlittle earlier. * We can have own cookies menu.

Data set

A sample is a subset or portion of a population. Sample should represent the population with fewer but adequate number of items. One Population empennage hand several samples with different sizes. A small portion or part taken from something whether its a extra race, inhabitants, entropy, or items to show or to be the representative of the whole. Its significance to statistics ar fairly similar to its original meaning. It is a slice of all of its characteristics. In researching and gatherings data it would be costly and very impractical to work on the whole rather than just a sampling of the whole. A New York newspaper say the average gasoline prices in four metropolitan areas and apply a bar chart to illustrate the differences. What type of statistics was shown? What activities did the newspaper use to make the report? I believed that descriptive statistics are shown in this example. This is use to describe basic features of the data in a study. They contribute simple summ aries about the sample and the measures. in concert with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data.The statistics shown in this example were collecting data, margining the data, and presenting the data. This helps us to simplify large amounts of data in a sensible way by reducing large amounts of data. This is important to allow your data to be understood in a neat period of time. 3. Research a management or marting article/news/publication that writes about a topic tack togethered on the use of statistics. survey the schooling according to the following questions and directions. Determine whether the existing information is adequate or additional information is acquired to comport the topic.In the article that I found the information is adequate and no additional Is the presentation of statistics misleading in the context of the topic? The article was to the point and the context was not misleading to the topic. Was statisti cs used only as numerical information or the framework for finish-making? The statistics were more of the frame work for decision making. By giving all the statistical data on preparing and strategy plan. Allowing the ability to utilize the statistical data. Ramekin, introduced to articulate discussions of sense-making, knowledge management and organizational learning, has much to offer discussion of statistical inference and decision analysis. I explore its value, particularly in its ability to help recognize which analytic and modeling methodologies are most likely to offer appropriate support in a given context. The framework also offers a further perspective on the relationship between scenario thinking and decision analysis in supporting decision makers. Was the information summarized in a useful and informative manner?The information was summarized in a useful and informative manner. It was well smudge and gave more than enough information on the subject. We show that socia l scientists often do not take full advantage of the information available in their statistical results and thus missed opportunities to present quantities that could shed the greatest light on their research questions. In this article we suggest an approach, built on the technique of statistical simulation, to extract the currently overlooked information and present it in a reader-friendly manner.More specifically, we show how to convert the raw results of any statistical procedure into expressions that conveys numerically precise estimates of the quantities of greatest substantive interest, and include reasonable measures of uncertainty about those estimates, and squired little specialized knowledge to understand. Analyze and draw your own observations/inferences/conclusions about the information presented based on information you have learned from this module. The statistical technique uses outlined below are very powerful analysis tools but they require a good statistical sampl e to be effective.These analysis techniques are not generally attempted on data sets with less than 20 wells. statistically based water intensity levels give an interpretation of the apparent fluid content of a formation independent of Raw, m and volume of shale. An apparent total water saturation is derived as well as an apparent irreducible water saturation. This is a very powerful analysis tool but requires a good statistical sample of two wet and hydrocarbon bearing intervals to be most successful. This analysis is not generally attempted on data sets with less than 20 wells.PART II CASE STUDY The topic that best catches my interest is E-Business and Wealth. Business conducted online is steadily growing as more companies are creating an online presence, while many new companies are popping up fully online. These e-businesses, like all business, must decide the best ways to generate wealth and value within their given parameters, that is to say the Internet, as opposed to phy sical dealings. And can involve the ways that e-businesses generate wealth and value and how those ways differ from traditional businesses before the Internet boom.It can suggest whether or not e- businesses have any advantages or disadvantages and then suggest whether or not businesses without an Internet presence should make one. Surveying both large and small businesses from around the world will help this thesis earner an international, well-rounded perspective. Descriptive statistics aim to describe the prominent features within a collection of data quantitatively. It summarizes a collection of data as a description rather than using the data to learn about the field in which the data represents.Generally, descriptive statistics are always used, plane when the main conclusions from the datas analysis are gained by use of inferential statistics. Inferential statistics is the given title of a process of gaining knowledge from a set of data that are subject to random change or va riation. Such data sets would render a descriptive statistic meaningless as the data changes in an unpredictable way. Therefore no knowledge would be gained about the subject that the data represents. The outcome to such a statistical method may be a prediction that can then be used to ensure practical action to be taken.I never before had really thought about statistics and really didnt know how important it was for businesses. Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics that collects and organizes data to interpret and predict prox behavior or results. Almost every business uses statistics, including insurance, consumer products, retail, heuristically and even the federal government. Statistics are important for a number of reasons and can be used for motley purposes. Research can be used to make decisions for selling or financial allocations or deciding whether to consolidate or close the business.Gathering and analyzing the data to rag concrete conclusions about the curren t and future conditions that your business will face is paramount. Critical decisions need to be based on research because of the impact these decisions have on other people and other businesses. The government uses statistics to measure ongoing economic indicators that greatly affect business and industry. Companies can use statistics to measure market share and market potential, the percent of the market they hold in dollars, and the total amount of dollars and units sold in their industries.Statistics are a core component of marketing research techniques. Companies use marketing research agencies to conduct quantitative research with consumers to evaluate new and existing products. Statistics help companies develop sales forecasts one, two and even five years into the future. Companies can then modify or improve their products, ire additional sales reps and put the necessary resources in place to neat these targets. Sales forecasting statistics are also a useful tool in business and marketing plan development.Statistics help companies develop sales forecasts one, two and even five years into the future. Companies can then modify or improve their products, hire additional sales reps and put the necessary resources in place to meet these targets. Most all Of mankinds endeavors have a random factor. Statistics is a way of putting numbers to that randomness. Business and research statistics is relevant to most areas of he business world. Statistics is important to business analysis in the fields of manufacturing, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, retail and in many others.Statistics can point out relationships. A careful look back of data can reveal links between two variables, such as specific sales offers and changes in revenue or dissatisfied customers and products purchased. Statistics provide the means to measure and control production processes to minimize variations, which lead to error or waste, and ensure consistency throughout the process. This saves mo ney by reducing the materials used to make or remake reduces, as well as materials lost to overage and scrap, plus the cost of honoring warranties due to shipping defective products.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) Essay

The United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) and the International Financial inform Standards (IFRS) are both effective ways to report pecuniaryly account for ones business assets and they have several differences. in this reputation I will attempt to outline a few of the more significant differences and allow you to make up your mind as to which of these two systems is the get around one.The first difference that is tolerantly accepted between the two methods is that U.S. GAAP is rules base and IFRS is principle based. This means that IFRS allows more for adaption of the circumstances and allows for professional judgment eon U.S. GAAP is more stringent and less forgiving. The argument back and forth is that the rules for U.S. GAPP are too large and broad stroked which doesnt allow for different unique situations, while it is argued that the IFRS is too biased which can allow for too much manipulation.A primary difference between the U.S. GAAP and t he IFRS is the way the business financial statements report the judge of the companys property and holdings. The U.S. GAAP method utilizes the Historic Cost Principle (HCP) while the IFRS uses the Fair Market Value (FMV). at a lower place the HCP the asset owned by the company if forever recorded at the price for which it was initially purchased while the FMV approach allows for a periodic re-assessment of the current value of the asset.This has both positive and negative effects based on the economy and the housing market. Over time you would expect that the value of property to rise, for example if a company had bought my parents 2 bedroom home for the listed price of $19,500 in 1980 knowing that the same house is now appraised at $105,000 then it would be beneficial to re appraise the house under the FMV as the asset is worth a lot more than the original $19,500. The down side for using the FMV would have been in 2009 when the housing market collapsed. At that point the house was appraised at $87,000. If the year prior the company recorded its asset at $105,000 then it would have interpreted a loss when the house was reappraised. So you can see that utilizing the FMV in this case is a gamble based on the fluctuation of the outside market and also raises the question of how often should the re-appraisals be done to be the most advantageous to the company.The next difference I want to highlight is the Last In, rootage Out (last in first out) method. This is a method commonly used in the United States under the U.S GAAP primarily because it helps with valuate purposes. Utilizing LIFO the company applies the latest monetary value of providing the goods to the entire supply inventory regardless of what the company paid for the good already in stock. This shows a decrease in the gross profit security deposit therefore lowering the taxes at the end of the year. For example if a company manufactures 1,000 tubes of toothpaste a month at $1 a tube and sells th em for $2 for each one then they would make a profit of $1,000 a month or $12,000 a year. If the price of manufacturing the toothpaste went up to $1.50, 6 months into the year then using the LIFO method the company would record that there profit is only .50 a tube or $6,000 a year and would only pay taxes on that $6,000 vice the $12,000 even though they made the full dollar profit on the toothpaste for the first 6 months. This is a practice that is used primarily in the U.S. because of our tax laws and not endorsed by other countries or under the IFRS.Another difference between the two plans falls under the category of Liabilities. A liability as defined in the text is An economic obligation (a debt) payable to an individual or organization outside of the business. This difference between the two programs is delicate and goes back to my first paragraph dealing with rules versus principle based assessments. Both IFRS and U.S. GAPP accept the that the future event will probably ta ke place but the IFRS defines the word probable as anything greater than 50% while the U.S. GAAP with its more stringent rules defines probable as 75-80%. This means that more liabilities would be accepted with IFRS then U.S. GAAP.The last difference that I will go over is that of brand names and patents. Under the stringent rules of U.S. GAAP, the only time a company can account for the capitalization or equity of a patent or brand is if the company purchased the patent from an outside source. If it was thought up or created by the company internally the company would have to record the expenses of the development on the income statement. Under IFRS the company would be allowed to count the potential equity based on the probable future benefits.Most of the world has already adopted the IFRS and the Financial Accounting Standards Board is working on a world wide solution in bridging the gap between these two programs. In closing the U.S. GAAP program is more stringent while the IFR S allows for more flexibility. Although this flexibility associated with the IFRS program seems like it would be more beneficial to more companies, the argument would still be is flexibility better or just a lack of integrity.ReferencesHarrison, Horngren, & doubting Thomas 9th EditionSt Josephs University (http//www.sju.edu/int/academics/hsb/accounting/IFRS.html) Bass, Solomon & Dowell (http//www.bsd-cpa.com/index.php/comparing-and-contrasting-international-financial-reporting-standards-ifrs-and-generally-accepted-accounting-principles-gaap)

Legal Case

Legal Studies In December 2002 Dominic Li answered his front door to twain men (Richard Nimmo and Maua Sua) both armed with guns. Sua and Nimmo were macrocosm paid by Yonky Irvin burn mark, a drug dealer whom Lis brother in law owed property to. Both Sua and Nimmo poured hydrochloric acid onto Mr Li where he suffered burns to his face, became blind and burns to his oesophagus. Mr Li painfully passed away three weeks later due to these injuries sustained as they led to a blockage in his throat that blocked his breathing. Tan was pitch shamefaced of plannng the murder and sentenced to life in prison.Sua and Nimmo were found not felonious to the murder but found guilty on other offences. Identify the correct legal citation of the fortune Name Dominic Li Satorre v R, R v AB, R v Tan Acid attack and murder Date 13th December 2002 Outline the elements of the offence In this chemise the elements of this case include the planning of the event by Tan. This is known as the mens rea (guilty mind) this is proven by Tan admitting he had planned out the ferment and paid Sua and Nimmo to kill Li for him. Also snatchs rea is established in this case.Acts rea is the guilty act and is revealed in the case by Sua and Nimmo pouring the acid on Lis face which eventually led to Li passing away three weeks later due to the injuries suffered in the attack. The overall offence of this act was murder. cast the factors that might get hold of led to the criminal behaviour. Economics was the factor/motive for this murder. Lis brother in law (Phillip Ma) owed Tan money and had disappe bed. Tan then planned out the murder of Li as a way of finding out where Ma was and to portray to Ma that it was a sanctify that Tan was coming after him.Outline the reporting and investigation of the discourtesy Mr Lis murder was reported to the police by his wife who looked on in horror as her husband had the acid poured down his throat and on his face at gunpoint. The evidence that was dis covered at the crime scene was the deoxyribonucleic acid of Sua and Nimmo (Fingerprints on guns and acid bottle). Explain the role of the courts The role of the courts is to hear cases being put forward by the two parties and decide the outcome of the hearing. In this case the case was heard at the NSW Supreme Court.It was heard in Supreme Court as the offence committed was too severe for the local courts as it was a murder case. Outline the legal representation The legal representation in this case is the roles of both the crown and the prosecutor. The role of the crown in cases is to act as the prosecuting party against the defendant. The Crown is usually abbreviated or represented by R. e. g. R v Smith. The role of the prosecutor is to assist the court in that the truth of the offence has been arrived and achieved. Identify the PleaIn the case of Dominic Lis murder the offenders involved in the crime Tan, Sua, Nimmo and Sattore all pleaded innocent but were found guilty on vario us offences. Firstly Tan was found guilty of planning the murder and was sentenced to life in prison. Secondly Sua and Nimmo were found guilty but were exonerate because one of Tans associates that was involved in proving Sua and Nimmos guilt and been in prison on previous occasions was seen as unreliable. However, both Sua and Nimmo were found guilty of drug offences and both prisoned to 24 years prison.Finally Sattore, who was found guilty of driving Sua and Nimmo to Lis house was charged with being an accessory to the crime as he admitted to having prior knowledge of the planned murder and was sentenced to 16 years in prison. After the sentences were handed down Sattore expressed his sympathy and melancholy towards the victims friends and family. Discuss the factors that affect the sentencing decision Factors that affect sentencing decisions are conditions that may influence the final outcome and affect the result e. g. educe or increase the punishment handed down. These condit ions are considered by the court when determining whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. Some conditions may quail the severity of the charge. These conditions are known as mitigating offences. In addition, conditions that may result in the charge becoming more severe are known as aggravating offences. In Mr Lis case the mitigating offence shown was that of Mr Tans associates being labelled as unreliable therefore leading to the murder charges on Sua and Nimmo being dropped.Explain the penalty given Penalties given to the defendant may include time in prison. The judge determines the time that the defendant has to serve in prison ground on the severity of the case that is being heard. In the case of Mr Lis murder the judge handed down the sentence of life in prison to Mr Tan, 24 years in prison to both Sua and Nimmo and 16 years imprisonment to Sattore. Analyse the extent to which the law balances the rights of victims and offenders.In cases presented in court, the courts p ut one over to ensure the both the rights of the victims and the offenders are upheld. These rights must be met without any bias or unfairness towards one party. In the case of Mr Dominic Lis death, his family and Mr Li himself have had their rights maintained as they know that the people responsible for Mr Lis death are serving a long time in prison for what they did. On the other hand the rights of the offenders have also been upheld. Justice has been served to Tan, Sua, Nimmo and Sattore.This has been done by Sua and Nimmo being acquitted because of an unreliable source being used as a witness and providing an unstable statement. However, the rights of Lis family were once again maintained as both Sua and Nimmo were still charged for other offences and face lengthened prison sentences. Furthermore , Sattore has been dealt justice as he is still serving time for his part in the murder but hasnt been given as severe punishment as the other member because he did not actually take pa rt in the killing he just litter the murderers to Lis house.He also admits to feeling extremely sorry for his actions and all of the offenders must live with the guilt of murdering Mr Dominic Li for the rest of their lives. In conclusion, the rights of both the victims and offenders have been upheld throughout the case by the final outcome. The family of Mr Li can get a sense of security and satisfactory out of knowing that the people who killed their making love family member are serving time behind bars. Finally, the rights of the offenders were maintained because each member was given a fair trial and received a reduce punishment except for Mr Tan. Bryce Donovan

Seed Plants

The three main organs in a seed down ar roots , stems, and leaves. Roots absorb water and dissolved nutrients from soil. They anchor plants to the ground. Roots are able to do all of these jobs because they grow , they develop hard branching networks that penetrate the soil and grow between soil particles. Stems hold a plants leaves up to the sun. Leaves are the organ in which plants capture the suns energy. These tissues must be protected against water loss to dry air. Thats why most plants are cover in waxy coating called cuticle.Plants have a easy developed two way plumbing system consisting of xylem and phloem Xylem is primary responsible for carrying water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to stems and leaves. Phloem carries product of photosynthesis and certain opposite substances from one part of the plant to an separate. Seed plants do have alternation of generation. However life cycles of seed plants are well adapted to the rigors of life on land. Flowers and cone s are specialized reproductive structures of seed plants.Because they developed within the sporophyte plant, neither the gametophyte nor the gametes need standing water to function The entire gametophye of seed plants is contained in a detailed structure called a pollen grain. The entire pollen grain is carried to the fe young-begetting(prenominal) gametophyte by wind, insects, birds, small animals, and sometimes even bats. The carrying of pollen to the fe anthropoid gamtophyte is called pollination. Seeds are structures that protect the zygote of seed plants. after(prenominal) fertilization the zygote grows into a tiny plant called an embryo. A seed coat surround the embryo and protects it and the food supply from drying out.The first seed position plants appeared during the Devonian period. The most ancient surviving seed plants belong to the three classes the Ginkgoae, the Coniferae, and the cicadae. In these plants leaves evolved into specialized male and female gametophyte c alled scales. Scales then are grouped into larger structures called male and female cones. Male cones produce pollen and female produce eggs. Each seed is protected by a seed coat bu the seed is not covered by the cones. Because their seeds sit naked on the scales cycads, ginkoes and conifers are called naked seed plants or gymnosperm.Cycads are palmlike plants that first appeared in the fossil record during the Triassic period, 225 million long time ago. They can be found growing in tropical and subtropical places. The living ginkoe species looks almost exactly like its fossil ancestor. It exponent be the oldest plant seed alive today. Conifers are commonly called evergreens are the most abundant gymnosperm today. Pines, spruce, fir, cedars , sequoias, redwoods, and yews are all conifers. Some conifers live more than 4000 years and can grow more than 100 meters tall. The leaves of conifers are long and thin and are often called needles.Both male and female gametophyte are very sma ll. Males cones, called pollen cones, produce male gametophyte in the form of pollen grains. Female cones called seed cones. Some species of conifers produces male and female cones on the same plant. Angiosperm are all the flowering plants. All angiosperm reproduce sexually through their flowers in a process that involves pollination. Angiosperm seeds are contained within a protective wall that develops into a structure called a fruit. Angiosperm can be separated into two sublclasses the monocot and dicots. The monocots include corn, wheat, lilies, dafflodils, orchids, and palms.The dicots include plants such as roses, clover, tomatoes, oaks, and daisies. The leaves of the embryo are called seed leaf. In some species of cotyledon are filled with food for the first leaves to carry on photosynthesis for the germinating plant. In monocots stems, xylem, and phloem tissues are gathered into vascular bundles that are scattered throughtout the stem. In dicots they are arranged in a ring n ear the outside of the stem. The process by which two organisms evolve structures and behaviors in response to changes in each other over time is called co-evolution.Flowers pollinate by wind. Wind pollinated plants usually have a small plain simple flowers with little or no fragrance. nigh angiosperm are not pollinated by the wind. They are pollinated by insects, birds or mammals . In return the flowers provide pollinators with food. Vector pollination or pollination by the actions of animals is a very efficient way of getting the male gametophyte to the female gamete. It is more efficient than wind pollination because it does not waste enormous tot up of pollen. The process of distributing seeds away from parent plants is called seed dispersal.

An Exploration Of The Traditional Customs Union Theory And The Static And Dynamic Effects Of Economic Integration

IntroductionThe benefits gained from regional integration argon widely documented in literature and conduct been known since the time of classical economists (Oslington, 2013). Regional integration has become the subject of great inte ministration due to the perceived benefits of preferential flip arrangements much(prenominal) as usage duty northern, free cope area, and common market among many others.This paper testament focus explicitly on customs northwards, exploring the traditional customs meat surmise introduced by prof. Jacob Viner. The paper starts by defining customs partnership and then examines Viners framework of business deal creation and trade-diversion do.It is important to first unsex customs juncture and introduce the theory of customs mating. In general, tariff systems often tend to discriminate either between commodities or between countries. trade good discrimination occurs where different commodities are subjected to different rates of duty where as country discrimination occurs where different countries are subjected to different rates of duty on the selfsame(prenominal) commodity (Lipsey, 1960). The theory of customs union is delineate by the latter part which involves geographical discrimination by imposition of external tariffs to imports from non-member states.As defined by (Clausing, 2000), a customs union is a con constitution of preferential trade arrangement that involves a tariff-free market access between member countries firearm imports from non-member countries are subjected to a common external tariff. Customs union earn for a long time form the basis for regional integration. This has primarily been operate by the perceived trade benefits for having such trade agreements between member countries. Some of the best-known customs unions include the Benelux formed by Belgium, Luxembourg and Netherlands Zollverein which was formed by German states and the EEC which was established by several states including France, Belgium and Italy, and is now widely recognized as the EU (Strielkowski, 2013). Other examples of customs unions are the Mercosur and the Andean Community (Hannam, 2014).Viners framework of trade creation and trade-diversion make.Any useful literature exploring the well-being effects of custom union formation must gravel with the appreciation of the traditional Vinerian orthodoxy which is based on 2 important considerations trade creation and trade diversion effects. The Vinerian orthodoxy has been the driving force behind the huge strength of literature exploring the public assistance effects of economic integration.For a long time, the perceived trade gains of customs unions had provided the rationale for regional integration (Jovanovic, 1998). Such regional agreements were viewed as good in terms of the welfare benefits. However, following the work of Viner Jacob, this proposition turned out to be incorrect. Using the concepts of trade creation and trade diversion , Jacob Viner argued that regional trade agreements did not necessarily result trade gains in spite of elimination of trade barriers (Ambrego & Riezman 2003 Lipsey 2006).Suppose that two countries A and B agree to form a customs union with country C remaining outside the union. If prior to the formation of customs union, country A was importing from country C which is a low cost producer. With the union formed, A chooses to import from country B which is a high cost producer. In this case, the welfare is lowered disdain the benefits of a tariff-free market as trade is diverted from a low cost producer to a high cost producer (Ambrego & Riezman 2003 Lipsey 2006). However, if a union was formed between A and C, then trade will be created and the welfare will increase.Using these static concepts, Professor Viner concluded that such regional agreements can only be beneficial to partner countries if it leads to trade in commodities which were not previously traded (trade creation) (Cord en, 1972). Whereas if the union was trade diverting by shifting locale of production from low-cost third country to higher-cost partner country, then the effects are most likely to be detrimental for two partner countries and the rest of the world as sanitary (Chipman, 1998 & Lipsey, 2006).Since the publication of his seminal work in 1950, many economists have been interested in pursuing the impact of these two effects on world welfare. His work has been the driving force behind later subsequent literature examining the impact of regional trade agreements on welfare.Subsequent empirical workMuch of the empirical literature on customs union formation has been motivated by the work of Viner (1950). Prior to Vinerian orthodoxy, it had been customary to recognize customs union as always increase welfare. The classical economic theory behind the formation customs union was the presumption that higher distri plainlyor point of economic integration was beneficial (Jonavonic 1998). Cust oms union formation was viewed as a step closer to free trade liberalization hence was seen as increasing world welfare. Viners seminal contributions proved this argument to be incorrect.However, Viners seminal contributions were challenged by Meade (1955) on grounds that the orthodoxy overlooked somewhat of the benefits resulting in trade-diverting unions such as the benefits arising from substitution in consumption (Chipman, 1998). Lipsey (1957) and Gehrels (1956) criticized the Viners work over the same issue. These authors argued that preference considerations had to be taken into account when making determinations of the welfare gains and losings (Chipman, 1998). Dissatisfaction with the Vinerian orthodoxy led to the development of other approaches that yielded clear propositions including the general theory of the second best and the terms of trade-volume approach.It is important to note that the traditional Vinerian orthodoxy was based on two simplifying assumptionsConstant cost of production (Nicholls, 1993) Fixed proportions in consumptions (Nicholls, 1993).Meade (1956), Lipsey (1957) and Gehrels (1956) extended Viners basic model by relaxing the assumption of zero footing ginger snaps of demand (Lee, 1978 p.248). This allowed for the determination of welfare effects with consideration of the changes in composition of consumption. Kemp (1969), Michaely (1965) and Vanek (1965) relaxed the assumption of constant costs.What is missing from traditional customs union theory?Besides these limitations, the traditional Vinerian orthodoxy seem to be missing important self-propelling aspects which are crucial in determination of the welfare effect. The traditional customs union theory seems to concentrate more on trade creation and trade diversion effects that are likely to be trivial, ignoring those that are crucial in determining the net gains/losses from integration.Pro-competitive effectOne particular aspect missing is the pro-competitive effect. For ex ample, many small countries will tend to have a a couple of(prenominal) large firms that may collude and raise prices at the expense of consumers. Forming customs union and ensuring a tariff free market will increase the degree of competition and force domestic firms to price more in line with marginal cost (Jovanovic, 1998). This pro-competitive effect will encourage them to reduce inefficiency and force them to price in line with marginal costs, thereby leading reducing the prices to consumers. This pro-competitive effect make it increasingly difficult for these firms to charge margins in excess of marginal costs (Josic & Josic, 2013)In this regard, Baldwin & Venables (1995) emphasize the importance of pro-competitive effect and even suggest that regional integration amplifies the pro-competitive effect compared to global integration. Formation of customs union create a large market and subjects producers to new forms of competition. Increase in competition forces the firms to be reduce the levels of x-inefficiency and to price in line with marginal cost in suppose to gain a new market share.Economies of home plateAnother criticism of the traditional customs union theory lies in its failure to allow for economies of scale (Corden, 1972). Viners analysis fails to incorporate the effect of economies of scale. It is a fact that regional integration leads to the formation of larger markets which allows firms to exploit greater economies of scale. Customs union formation will therefore lead to the exploitation of greater economies of scale, thereby driving down the costs. With the tariff barriers removed, nationally-scaled firms may benefit greater economies of scale from the larger ace market created (Cakmak & Yilmaz, 2008). Economies of scale will allow these union producers to achieve an optimum scale of production, increase their efficiencies and decrease the average production costs as well as the prices to consumers (Ginsberg, 2010 95)Technology spill o versYet another aspect missing in the traditional customs union theory are the larger effects of technological advances. The productivity and innovative abilities of nationally scaled firms may further be enhanced by technology spillovers (Cakmak & Yilmaz, 2008). Research and development programs may suspensor in improving technological innovations. There is a greater potential for technological innovation where such unions exist.Accumulation or emersion effectsFurthermore, given up that integration leads to increased efficiency, it is also more likely to induce greater enthronization. This additional investment may lead to medium-term growth effect in some countries and can even improve long-run growth rates where the additional investment is associated with faster technical progress (Josie & Josie, 2013). From an investment perspective, foreign direct investment will be particularly important in boosting domestic growth.Arguments for and agents removing all tariffsIndeed ther e appears to be a number of justifiable reasons for customs union formation. A member countrys welfare as well as the worlds welfare can be increase if tariffs are reduced under such customs unions. However, the greatest benefits would be achieved by complete removal of the tariffs compared to mere reduction of these tariffs. The removal of all trade barriers will without doubt yield significant benefits in terms of reducing monopoly power, improving terms of trade, increasing efficiency, and improving technological innovations through technology spill-overs among many others.In fact, customs union theory fails to justify or rather explain the necessitate for customs union formation since complete removal of all trade barriers could have all the benefits without incurring potential losses associated with joining customs unions (Jovanovic, 1998). The welfare of a member country is less likely to be raised by a mere reduction in tariffs compared to complete removal. A free trade agr eement would therefore tend to have more welfare benefits than a customs union since trade creation is merely dependent on removal of tariff barriers (Clausing, 2000).However, Krueger (1997) points out that free trade agreements may not necessarily yield greater benefits than a customs union and even argues that it can generate additional welfare costs which would otherwise not have been incurred under a customs union. In fact, Krueger (1997) argues that a customs union will always remain superior to a free trade agreement. This points to the need for further analysis of the benefits and costs associated with Free trade agreements and customs unions formation.ConclusionBased on this analysis, this paper concludes that the static concepts of trade creation and diversion cannot befittingly measure the welfare effects of regional integration. Even though Viner seminal contributions points out that consumer welfare may increase due to tariff reductions while welfare cost may accrue fro m tariff discrimination of customs union, these static effects are trivial when considering the welfare effects of integration. The traditional customs union theory seem to ignore dynamic effects that are crucial in determining the net gains/losses from integration such as the pro-competitive effect, growth effect, economies of scale, and reduction of x-inefficiencies and monopoly power among many othersA prime example can be seen with the European coupling, a single market that has had important consequences both within and outside Europe. Following the EUs single market program, there is now a greater awareness of the importance of formation of customs union and of the value of removing tariff barriers. The EU is not only the largest single importer and exporter, but is also the worlds largest and richest economic entity (Ginsberg, 2010 p.96). The gains associated with joining the union far outweigh the economic risks/costs. The EU is currently planning to expand its reach othe r European nations. Preferential trading agreements seem to be growing more rapidly, both in size and number.ReferenceAkkoyunlu-Wigley, A., 2006. Effects of customs union with European Union on the market structure and pricing behaviour of Turkish manufacturing industriousness. Applied Economics, vol.38 (20).Ambrego, L. and Riezman, R., 2003. Computation and the theory of customs unions. Ontario, Universities of Warwick and Western Ontario and NBERBaldwin, R.E. and Venables, A.J., 1995. Regional economic integration. In Handbook of external Economics, vol.3 , edited by G.M. Grossman and K. Rogoff. Amsterdam North-Holland, pp.1597-1644Cakmak, O.A. and Yilmaz, S., 2008. The dynamic effects of economic integration a comparative study on the competitive power of Turkey and EU-8 (Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia). Gazi University.Chipman, J.S., 1998. Welfare effects of trade-diveriting customs unions a quantitative approach, USA, Univ ersity of Minnesota.Clausing, K.A., 2000. Customs unions and free trade areas. daybook of Economic Integration, vol 15 (3), pp.418-435Corden, W.M., 1972. Economies of scale and customs union theory. Nuffield College, Oxford Publishers., Journal of Political Economy, vol.80 (3)Gehrels, F., 1956. Customs Union from a Single-Country Viewpoint, Review of Economic Studies, 24, pp. 61-64.Ginsberg, R.H., 2010. Demistifying the European Union the enduring logic of regional integration. Rowman & Littlefield publishers4Hannan, D., 2014. The EU is not a free trade area but a customs union until we understand the difference, the debate about our membership is meaningless. The Telegraph. Available from http//blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/danielhannan/100186074/the-eu-is-not-a-free-trade-area-but-a-customs-union-until-we-understand-the-difference-the-debate-about-our-membership-is-meaningless/ Viewed on 30th November 2014.Josic, H. and Josic, M., 2013. Static and dynamic effects of customs union c reation, Croatia, Faculty of Economics and Business ZagrebJovanovic, M. N., 1998. International Economic Integration, London, Routledge.Kemp, M., 1969, The Pure Theory of International Trade and Investment. London Prentice-Hall.Krueger, A., 1997. Free Trade Agreements versus Customs Unions, Journal of Development Economics 54, 169-187.Lee, S.A., 1978. Economic relations between West Asia and Southeast Asia. Papers and proceedings of an international conference, Singapore, Institute of Southeast Asian.Lipsey, R. G., 1957, The theory of customs unions trade diversion and welfare, Economica 24 4046Lipsey, R.G., 1960. The theory of Customs Unions a general survey, The Economic Journal, vol.70, No. 279Lipsey, R.G., 2006. The theory of customs unions trade diversion and welfare. Economica, New Series vol, 24. No.93Meade, J.E., 1955, The Theory of Customs Unions. Amsterdam North Holland.Mendes, M., 1986. An alternative approach to customs union theory. Journal of International Economic Int egration 1(I), spring publications, pp.43-58Michaely, M., 1965. On Customs Unions and the Gains from Trade, Economic Journal, 75, pp. 577-583.Nicholls, S.A., 1993. Theories of economic integration a selective review, London University of LondonOslington, P., 2013. Contextual history, practician history and classic status reading Jacob Viners the customs union issue, North Sydney, Australia, Australian Catholic UniversityStrielkowski, W., 2012. Advanced economics of European integration microeconomic aspects, National University of IrelandViner, J., 1950, The Customs Union Issue. New York Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Central African Republic Essay

Darfur is an area in Sudan which lies in the western part of Sudan and boarders Libya, the Central African Republic and Chad. It has an approximate residence of six million lot who are among the poorest people in Africa and scarcely rely on nomadic herding and subsistence farming. Genocide in Darfur has taken place more everywhere ten age after the genocide in Rwanda which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives.In Darfur, thousands of people have been killed and almost double the amount has been displaced from their kin areas. Many of the people have become refugees in their homeland and are currently living in a network of internally displaced people (IDP) camps which completely rely on the United Nations and early(a) human-centered organizations help for their most basic needs for living. Others have fled to the neighboring countries such as Chad which has also been touch on by the Darfur genocide.Others who are still in the villages are under constant threat of bombing, mu rder, mishandle, raids and torture and their only help for asylum is from undermanned and underfunded African Union (AU) peacekeeping extort whose personnel compared to the situation on the ground. However, this force which is referred to as the AMIS force larks civilian protection and has no adequate means to stop the violence. receivable to its anemic capacity, the only thing which it now does is to monitor and give reports on ceasefire violations.The current crisis which are experient in Darfur are as a result of neglect of people by the politics and the completed world, cases of drought which has persisted for many years, oppression of the residents and the poor by the governance and the affluent people and conflicts between the people and tribes in the northern in Sudan. The Sudanese Liberation Army/ apparent performance (SLAM) and Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) are the two main rebel groups in Sudan. These groups represent the agrarian farmers who most of them a re non Arabs African Muslims from different tribes.They mounted a challenge and pressure to the Sudans president Omar al-Bashir whose response was very brutal. The presidency increased arms and support to the reservess and the local tribes known as the Janjaweed for the main purpose of seeking to buck the rebel movement. Entire villages have been wiped, food and water supplies have been destroyed and livestock killed by the presidential term supported groups. No part of the entire Darfur civilian population has not experienced the murder, rapes and torture by the government armed groups.The government military has painted their round out airmanshipcrafts white, the same color which the United Nations humane aircraft which a violation of the international humanitarian law. This move by the government is to confuse the villagers so that when they speak to the villages, the people will confuse them for the United Nations aircraft which have come for their help solely in the unf eigned sense their mission is to kill and bomb them. The current humanitarian situation on the ground in Darfur is constantly deteriorating to worrying levels. There has been increased attacks which has increased the number of IDPs and refugees.Visitors of the camps who includes the Save Darfur Coalition have inform worrying and dire conditions the people undergo and its a pity they have survived under the conditions for such a long time and there seems to be no hope of remarkable improvement. The only help which seems to be forth coming is from the United Nations and the non-governmental humanitarian relief agencies who have introduced some refugee camps and provided several thousands of of aid workers who notwithstanding the relief agencies support work under logistical and difficult conditions due to constant botherment the Sudanese government and the red tape.These humanitarian operations and their workers are increasingly being targeted by the fragmenting rebel movement elem ents and the government. Their vehicles are being robbed and hijacked constantly, the aid workers are intimidated and assaulted when performing their duties and their offices are being looted and at sea into making their work more harder. In the wake of 2007, reports from the United Nations showed that more that 80,000 Darfurians joined the already over populated IDP camps due to the continuing violence.The humanitarian bodies and United Nations as a result of the government harassments and the worsening security problems have given warning of their growing inability to support and sustain their operations. They regulate that any interruption of the flow of the humanitarian aid is likely to cause more deaths than the ones already experienced and per month death rates could raise up to 100,000 in case the humanitarian support musical arrangement collapses. Civilians in Darfur have suffered deliberate and indiscriminate attacks violating their human rights such as rapes, pillage an d torture.The government of Sudan has act to protect the people accused of violation of human rights. In the cases of Ahmad Harum and Ali Kushayb who were arrested and charged with 51 counts of war crimes and crimes against humankind such as murder, prosecutions, torture, rape and forcible displacements in 2003 and 2004, the government has refused to hand over the two suspects but instead they have given one of them a prominent post in the public positions and the other was promoted to the state as the Minister for Humanitarian Affairs.This responsibility was towards the well being of the very victims of the crimes he was aver to have committed and is currently the key liaison to the United Nations-African Union peace keeping force who are in charge of the victims protection. He was also appointed in late 2007 to a commission in charge of hearing complaints on human rights abuse in Sudan and Ali Kushayb was released from the Sudanese in October 2007 for omit of evidence.(Drakli ch &Wagner p167). Sexual violence against women and the girl child have been featured mostly in the government and militia attacks with the main aim of terrorizing the population and gain control over them and their displacement mission. The worrying issue is that sluice after the displacement, the militia groups have set their camps near the IDP camps and therefore continued to familiarly harass the women.(Human Rights Watch, p 5-7) Rape and many forms of sexual violence have remained endemic and have threatened the safety of women and girl children reflecting the current dynamics of law and order breakdown. Women and girls are not ready to admit their sexual abuse by the militia for fear of social stigmatization and have no trust that the government will take any action.Most of the authorities refuse to acknowledge the problem which is experienced by women and instead, they accuse the victims of giving false information to the international social aid workers of their fate for the purpose of semipolitical gains. Some of the local Sudanese authorities have even gone a step forrad to stifle the humanitarian agencies who are working on the issue and due to this, agencies which are running womens health clinics in the largest IDP camps are constantly subjected to harassment and obstruction by government officials and descend to publicize their duties.As the conflicts increases, so do the sexual perpetrators who now include the military, militia, rebels, police and criminal gangs who attack civilians in IDPs, towns and rural areas near the military bases and areas under rebel control. On February 2008, the government groups performed ground and air attacks in the towns of Sirba, Silea and Abu Suruj. This led to more than 1000 deaths, property destruction, massive displacement and several cases of women and girls rape cases and sexual assaults by the government officials.In 2006, sexual violences cases were reported during the government and militia attacks in Abu Sakin regions where women and girls were abducted, brutally outrage and forced to walk back to the camps while naked and to date, the military has declined to give information of the suspects. Other rape cases reported by the human rights officers during government attacks were in Deribat, Kabkabiya, Zamzam IDP camp, Kalma IDP camp in sec Darfur among others. (Human Rights Council , p. 26-30).

How Does the Story Encourage the Reader to Admire Scheherazade? Essay

The author in the story uses umpteen linguistic devices such as metaphor, superlatives, similes and strong adjectives to encourage the reader to admire Scheherazade. The author uses superlatives to set up the story such as he describes Scheherazades beauty Excelled that of any girl in the kingdom of Persia. This gives the story a background of extreme power and amazing people an exotic world with a powerful romantic appeal. Scheherazades character has described well in a sentence. Her description has been tending(p) in such a way that the readers are made to admire Scheherazade, like her sister was cunning and courageous in the highest degree. This also gives the readers hope that she could be the one to substantiation the sultans barbarous practice.Her beauty has been said to have Excelled that of any girl in the Kingdom of Persia which pass ons the readers reckon that she was the most sought woman in Persia. The author proves Scheherazade intelligence and cleverness to the r eaders when Scheherazade married the Sultan as she was determined to stop the barbarous practice. She tricked the Sultan by telling fascinating stories and letting the Sultan postpone the execution to continue Scheherazades fascinating story. The authors use of adjectives in describing Scheherazade has helped him to make the readers believe in Scheherazade. Scheherazade has showed herself to be of high principles as she said I am determined to stop this barbarous practice. This shows how the readers admire Scheherazade.Read moreDescribe a person you admire prove

Analysis of Customer Service Problem of Best Buy

Introduction Overview of the t study The task of this essay is to scram a explore in person to pay a visit on scoop bribe to discover its strength marketing problem, anticipate the publications and provides potential solution to this problem, which from my perspective, is bad client service. Purpose and structure of the essay The character of this essay is to explore the potential marketing problem of surmount bribe to provide solutions to its problem.In order to establish the essay more complete, this essay will first start with the brief introduction of the stovepipe Buy, and whence a personal experience of visiting the Best Buy shop will be displayed to remove an analysis of the potential problem- bad customer service. What to follow is the anticipation and analysis of the potential influence and consequence of the problem. Subsequently, solutions and recommendation will be put stunned to tackle the problem. Brief Introduction of the Best BuyBest Buy is a giant retai ler of entertainment and technology products and services with operations in the multiple countries- joined States, China, Europe, Canada and Mexico. The Best Buy generates more than 45 billion dollars annual revenue through brands family and partnerships such as Magnolia Audio Video Audiovisions Best Buy Future Shop Geek Squad The Car retrieve Wareho subprogram Napster Jiangsu Five Star Pacific Sales The Ph unrivaled House and Speakeasy.The company is made up by about 155,000 employees who have applied their capabilities to bring benefit to the company and added value to customers through unlike style, for recitation, online communities, call centers, in-home solutions, retail locations, and websites, and product delivery. Problem of the company On March 29, 2012, the earning news released by the Best Buy which is pass up than expected has revealed the trouble of this giant electronics retailer. It is said that Best buy is going to cauterise four hundred employees and ended u p to fifty stores.Best buy, the last standing electronics blames its difficulties on fierce online ambition, for example with Amazon. com. It says that Amazon keeps stealing its business with lower price due to its sales tax free (The get across of Marketing and IT, 2012). One joke even goes that Best Buy and Wall-mart have became the showroom for the Amazon. What show rooming means? It means that customers walk in to a Best Buy / Wall-mart/ Sears with the only purpose to check out the real product and compare the prices with the online prices so as to buy a product in opposite places with cheaper price.This is the dilemma and big problem for most of the brick and mortar retailers like Best Buy. The show rooming and price competition with online-stores should take most part of the duty for the declining profit problem of Best Buy. But it is from my perspective that the disaster of Best Buy is a self-inflicted woes rather than an external hurt due to its bad customer service. The much-publicized Christmas breach of Best Buy has exposed the customer service problem. Three days before Christmas last year, Best Buy informed 30,000 awaiting customers of cancelled order due to a combination of software and process issues (24kmarketing, 2012).There is no need to say that such kind of fault will kill any types of retailers. To make things worse, it took close to three weeks for CEO of Best Buy Brian Dunn to make an apology for this event, which has added the oil on the flame of wrath of customers. The consequence is evident with shares of Best Buy falling by 34% to about $30, Since Thanksgiving. On June 14, Best Buy also announced earnings of 35 cents a share which is a penny lower than last year (Alpha, 2012). Whats more, my last experience of visiting the Best Buy shop has given more proof of it customer service problem.Last week, I went to one of the stores of Best Buy, when I was looking for the things I wanted, the sales rep keeps roaming around me and k ept fixed eyes on me which made me quite unpleasant. After a while, he asked me about my needs, however, the guy just knew nothing about the things I want and started to sell otherwise electronics products to me. However, what I want is just some blu-ray dics. Bothering by the upsetting and annoying salesperson, I just grabbed one of the blu-ray discs. But after going home, I found that I have already got this disc and returned to ask for changing the disc.The troublesome procedure and bad attitude of staff really made me furious. Apart from the up-selling and cross-selling, what I cannot put up with is the erosion of my privacy, questions like how much is your salary is really impolite. The hawking clumsy salesperson is the tip of the problem iceberg and just scratch the surface of the problem, what should be laid emphasis is the customer service and after-sales service quality. Potential consequence of the problem The company has reported a 1. 7% even up in it total sales and pr ofit margins last year.Consumers come down to the store will have high interaction with the salespersons and in-store staff (Forbes, 2012). The attitude and service quality is the cornerstone of the success. Non-savvy consumers need the help to canvass more product and handling before purchase. If Best Buy cannot differentiate itself and make full use of the advantages of its retail stores, Best Buy is destined to follow the way of dinosaur. Below chart illustrates that the consequence will be like in a few years if Best Buy is unable to swop customers perception and values towards it.Best Buy cannot forget the lesson of Circuit City which closed its big boxes in 2009 (Alpha, 2012). CNBC pecuniary Data Solution to the problem Solutions that can be provided to the Best Buy are as follows. starting line and foremost, improve customer service quality through systematic plan and training. It is suggested experts in this field should be hired to make a throughout improvement plan for this company, ranging from criterion speech and the after-sales service standard (Harvard Business Review, 2010). Secondly, make full use of the interaction in the stores with customers to change the perception of customers.In this part, the attitude the progression is the key to success. Thirdly, with fierce competition, Best Buy should improve its inventory system and internet technologies in this field. The Christmas mistakes cannot hand again. Fourthly, close some big store and change its focus to the online competition. Reference Alpha, S. (2012). Best Buy the physical composition Is on the Wall. Retrieved from http//seekingalpha. com/article/343721-best-buy-the-writing-is-on-the-wall Forbes, S. (2012). Why Best Buy is going out of Business Gradually. Retrieved from http//www. orbes. com/fdc/welcome_mjx. shtml Harvard Business Review. (2010). interior Best Buys Customer-Centric Strategy. Retrieved from http//blogs. hbr. org/hbsfaculty/2010/04/inside-best-buys-customer-cen t. html The Crossing of Marketing and IT. (2012). What is Best Buys Real Problem. Retrieved from http//www. crossingmarketingandit. com/marketing-2/general-marketing/best-buys-problem/ 24kmarketing. (2012). Best Buy Problems Signal Need for New Retail Formats. Retrieved from http//24kmarketing. com/2012/03/best-buy-problems-signal-need-for-new. html

Cocacola Marketing Strategy Essay

For example, for a pack of 375mL x 18 cans of Coca-Cola yielding drinks it is priced at $9. 98 instead of $10. 00. This pricing strategy makes consumers perceive the products to be cheaper. Promotional strategies The business uses a range of promotional activities, shown in the table below. Promotional strategy Explanation of promotional strategy denote The Coca-Cola Company uses advertising as its main opening of increasing consumer awareness. It mainly uses the goggle box. There are numerous television advertisements on Coca-Cola products. This source allows the beau mondes products to reach a large audience.The latest television advertisement for Coca-Cola soft drinks was the You know you want it advertisement. One of the older one are If you drink it, you train better of life The conjunction also uses the radio as another source of advertisement. This is a cheaper source of approach compared to the television. Recently, the company benefited from its involvement in the w orlds celebrated games such as the Olympics and the FIFA public Cup. Where millions were watching these games, the business had substantial advertising and promotions of the companys brands.The cost of advertising over the onetime(prenominal) 3 years is shown in Fig. (11). Cost ($ mil) YearFig. (11) The Coca-Cola Companys advertising costs Personal merchandising Every year, The Coca-Cola Company has a highly trained sales team, which acts as a representative of the company to the retailers. This strategy helps to maintain service and product loyalty. It has been demonstrated by the business to be highly effective. promotional material In February 2003, Vanilla Coke was released to the media as a news brief outlining the huge profit achieved by the business (from the Sydney Morning Herald 14th February 2003).This helped The Coca-Cola Company to strengthen the image of the businesss products. address of dispersion The Coca-Cola Company sells its products to bottling and canning o perations, distributors, fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers. These then distributes them to retail outlets, milk bar and inlet stores, restaurants, petrol displace and newsagents. The Coca-Cola Company Wholesalers/distributors Retail/corner stores Restaurants, petrol stations Consumers The Coca-Cola Companys distribution channel Place strategiesPlace strategies Explanation of place strategy Indirect distribution. The Coca-Cola Company uses intermediaries in its distribution. That is, the company does not sell its products directly to its consumers. Intensive distribution The Coca-Cola Company uses the intensive distribution strategy. The businesss products are sold in almost every outlet including retail outlets small shops restaurants petrol stations newsagents schools sports and entertainment venues from vending machines (v) Monitoring amp Controlling

Tda 3.4 1.1

Summarise the policies and procedures of the setting relevant to promoting children and young massess positive demeanor In my setting there are several insurance accounts that sack both parents and teachers what procedures are in place to help the children to perform to the best of their abilities and also set pop out guidelines of what the traintime expects off the staff, pupils and parents. Our trains behaviour form _or_ system of government also incorporates both the code of conduct, dealing with inappropriate behaviour and the rewards and sanctions guidelines, separate to this are the anti bullying indemnity and the whole school attendance policy .The behaviour policy outgrowthly sets out the aims of the school, explaining how the school promotes good relationships so that people sess work unneurotic with a common purpose of helping everyone to learn and work together in an sumive and tactful way, this is aimed not only at the pupils but to parents and staff alike . It continues to explain that this policy is in place to enable children to grow in a safe and secure environment, and to become positive, responsible and increasingly independent phalluss of the school community.It and so goes on to explain the code of conduct expected off children, staff and parents. This includes rules such as parents and staff not smoking in the school grounds, conduct of parents when collecting their children from school i. e. not ban and existence too loud bit lessons are still ongoing, to giving guidelines on what is expected from the children while at school. In these guidelines it explains how the school has its set of rules but also that each class teacher, at the beginning of the school year, discusses with the children what is expected, behaviour wise, in their class.The children are also invited to give ideas for these class rules, these rules are hence printed out and displayed in the classroom. This history then goes on to explain the rewards and sanctions policy, this explains how the children are rewarded for good behaviour in a variety of ways, such as, the giving of house points and presenting their work in school assemblies, it also states as the child gains more house points they work towards certificates Gold, Silver and Bronze, all the achievements the child earns are stored in their interpret of Achievement file, which is presented to them as they leave school in year 6.In the explanations of the sanctions the policy, this is under the dealing with deviation and inappropriate behaviour section, gives examples of behaviour that is unacceptable, this can be things such as shouting out in class, world in areas they shouldnt be and goes, on to the extreme cases such as bullying and assault. It then goes onto the giving of detentions or lacking playtimes because of this behaviour and in the more serious cases it explains the fixed-term and permanent exclusions policy.Finally the document goes to explain the role s of all staff members within the school this includes jut out staff, teachers, head teacher and finally the school governors. These roles are explained in a brief way and if there are any questions to any fictional character of the document not to hesitate to ask for more guidance. The schools anti-bullying policy firstly explains the schools definition of bullying, which is, bullying is act taken by one or more children with the intention of hurting a child, either physically or emotionally.It then goes on to give the schools aims and objectives in this matter, this covers developing the schools ethos in which bullying is regarded as unacceptable, aiming to produce a safe and secure environment where all can learn without anxiety, aiming to produce a consistent response to any bullying that may occur and to make all connected with the school witting of the schools opposition to bullying and to make clear each persons responsibilities with regard to the annihilation of bullyin g.It then goes on to explain the roles of staff and parent in both dealing with and eradicating bullying, this includes- 1) The Governors, their role is to support the headteacher in eliminating bullying in the school, they monitor any incidents that occur and review the effectiveness of the school policy regularly. 2) The Headteacher, it is the responsibility of the head to implement the policy and to ensure all members of staff (both teaching and non-teaching) are aware of the policy and how to deal with any incidents that may arise. The head also compositions to the governors about the effectiveness of the policy and if it of necessity amending. ) The Teaching Staff, teaching staff should intervene at the first sign of any bullying, they must detect records of all incidents that happen involving children in their class, if they see another child from another class being bullied or bullying they should immediately inform that childs class teacher so they can intervene and monito r the situation. Teachers routinely liase with each other through staff meetings and discuss existing or new anti-bullying strategies. 4) Non-Teaching Staff, they are instructed to report any signs of bullying straight away to a member of the teaching staff, who can then sharpen the ssue to the correct teacher. They should intervene straight away and get the names of all children involved so it can be followed up correctly and efficiently. 5) The Parents, any parent that is concerned that their child might be being bullied, or who suspect their child may be the perpetrator of bullying, should contact their childs class teacher immediately. Parents remove a responsibility to support the schools anti-bullying policy and to actively get along their chaild to be a positive member of the school.The policy then goes on to state that it is monitored by the headteacher , who reports to the governors about its effectiveness. The schools whole school attendance policy starts with an introd uction as to why it is important the child attends school and has as fewer absences as possible, including the missing of work and how this can affect their education and intellectual development. It then goes on to explain types of absences both authorise and un important, authorised absences include sickness, medical appointments and any emergencies.Unauthorised absences are those that the school does not consider reasonable, these include, truancy, children being generally late, birthdays, holidays in term time not agreed with the school and holidays that exceed those agreed by the school. It is explained that persistent absenteeism at my setting is classed as missing 20% of the school year, it goes on to say that this staidly hampers a childs intellectual development, persistent absentee pupils (PAs) are tracked and monitored closely and all of these cases are automatically make known to the Local Authority Attendance Team.The policy then states the absence procedure of contac ting the school as soon as possible , if not contacted the school will telephone the parent/carer on the first day of absence, if absence persists invite in the parent/carer to discuss the situation and refer to the Early pr eventidetative Officer linked with the school if attendance moves below 85% as per Local Authority protocol.It then explains the role of the Attendance Officer, which is to try and resolve any issues with the school and make a signed musical arrangement with the parent/carer about future attendance, if the matter still persists they can sanction penalty notices or even prosecutions in the Magistrates court, these are of course the last resort if all other avenues have failed.It then goes on to holidays in term time where it says how taking these holidays can affect the childs schooling and that any monetary manner of speaking of these holidays can be at the cost of the childs intellectual development. Religious absences such as Eid are authorised but no more 3 days in a school year.Finally the policy states the roles of individuals and their responsibilities of them in keeping to this policy, they are- Parent/ carer should ensure regular attendance, contact school, try to avoid in term holidays Pupils attend school/registration punctually, speak to an adult if any issues arise that may effect school attendance Headteacher should take lead in ensuring attendance has a high profile in the school, ensur all staff know their responsibilities, take overall responsibility for ensuring the school conforms to all statutory requirements in respect of attendance All school staff should provide a welcoming atmosphere to encourage childrens attendance and provide a safe learning environment, provide a sympathetic response to pupils concerns, be aware of the factors that may contribute to non-attendance, participate in training regarding school procedures. Finally the policy document shows an example of the application for absence from school form t o be filled out for any holidays or extended leave, a copy of this is included in this assignment.